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VerbsMay 13, 20269 min read

The Most Common Irregular Spanish Verbs and How to Conjugate Them

Irregular verbs do not follow the standard conjugation rules, but they are also the most frequently used verbs in the language. Learning them is unavoidable, and worth prioritizing.

Why irregular verbs are actually good news

It might seem frustrating that the most common verbs break the rules, but there is a reason for it. Irregular verbs are irregular because they have been used so heavily throughout history that their forms have worn down and changed over centuries. The more a verb gets used, the more likely it is to become irregular.

That means if you focus your practice on irregular verbs, you are also focusing on the verbs you will hear and need the most. Every hour you spend on ser, estar, ir, tener, and hacer pays off more than an hour spent on a regular verb you will rarely use.

The most important irregular verbs

serto be (permanent)
yosoy
eres
él/ellaes
nosotrossomos
vosotrossois
ellosson

Used for identity, nationality, profession, and permanent characteristics.

estarto be (temporary)
yoestoy
estás
él/ellaestá
nosotrosestamos
vosotrosestáis
ellosestán

Used for location, temporary states, feelings, and ongoing actions.

irto go
yovoy
vas
él/ellava
nosotrosvamos
vosotrosvais
ellosvan

Also used to form the near future: voy a comer (I am going to eat).

tenerto have
yotengo
tienes
él/ellatiene
nosotrostenemos
vosotrostenéis
ellostienen

Used for possession and many common expressions like tener hambre (to be hungry).

hacerto do / to make
yohago
haces
él/ellahace
nosotroshacemos
vosotroshacéis
elloshacen

One of the most versatile verbs in Spanish. Used constantly in everyday speech.

poderto be able to / can
yopuedo
puedes
él/ellapuede
nosotrospodemos
vosotrospodéis
ellospueden

Stem changes from o to ue in present tense for all forms except nosotros and vosotros.

quererto want / to love
yoquiero
quieres
él/ellaquiere
nosotrosqueremos
vosotrosqueréis
ellosquieren

This uses an e to ie stem change pattern. It can mean to want something or to love a person.

Groups of irregular verbs

Many irregular verbs follow shared patterns. Learning one verb in a pattern often unlocks several others.

Yo go verbs (present yo form ends in -go)

salir (salgo), traer (traigo), caer (caigo), poner (pongo), hacer (hago), decir (digo), venir (vengo)

Stem changing o to ue

poder (puedo), volver (vuelvo), dormir (duermo), recordar (recuerdo), costar (cuesta)

Stem changing e to ie

tener (tengo/tiene), venir (vengo/viene), querer (quiero), pensar (pienso), empezar (empieza)

Stem changing e to i

pedir (pido), servir (sirvo), seguir (sigo), elegir (elijo), repetir (repito)

Yo zco verbs (present yo ends in -zco)

conocer (conozco), parecer (parezco), ofrecer (ofrezco), agradecer (agradezco)

The best way to learn irregular verbs

There is no shortcut. Irregular verbs need to be memorized through repetition. But you can make that repetition more efficient by focusing on the forms you actually get wrong rather than drilling everything equally. Tracking your progress lets you put your time where it matters most.

Start with the seven verbs above. Once those feel automatic, move on to the pattern groups. Within a few months of focused practice, the most important irregulars will feel natural.

Practice irregular verbs

Spanish Conjugation Training includes an Irregular verb filter so you can focus specifically on irregular verbs. Quiz yourself, track what you know, and focus on what needs more work.

Start practicing for free